untiluntil /ʌnˈtɪl, ən-/ preposition, conjunction 
1if something happens until a particular time, it continues and then stops at that time若某事持续到某一特定时间，即表示该事一直延续至该时刻才停止si algo ocurre hasta un momento determinado, continúa y luego se detiene en ese momentose algo acontece até um determinado momento, continua e então para naquele momentoあることが特定の時まで続く場合、その時点で終わることを表す어떤 일이 특정 시점까지 지속되다가 그 시점에 멈추는 것을 나타낸다: 
The ticket is valid until March.该票有效期至三月。El billete es válido hasta marzo.O bilhete é válido até março.そのチケットは3月まで有効です。그 티켓은 3월까지 유효합니다. He waited until she had finished speaking.他等到她说完话。Él esperó hasta que ella terminó de hablar.Ele esperou até que ela terminasse de falar.彼は彼女が話し終わるまで待った。그는 그녀가 말을 끝낼 때까지 기다렸다. Until recently, Anna worked as a teacher in Japan.直到最近，安娜一直在日本担任教师。Hasta hace poco, Anna trabajaba como profesora en Japón.Até recentemente, Anna trabalhava como professora no Japão.最近まで、アンナは日本で教師として働いていた。최근까지 안나는 일본에서 교사로 일했다. Up until last year, they didn’t even own a car.直到去年，他们甚至连车都没有。Hasta el año pasado, ni siquiera tenían auto.Até o ano passado, eles nem tinham carro.昨年まで、彼らは車すら持っていなかった。작년까지만 해도 그들은 차도 없었다.2 not until used to emphasize that something does not happen before a certain point in time or before something else has happened用于强调某事在特定时间点到来之前，或在另一件事发生之前不会发生se usa para enfatizar que algo no ocurre antes de un momento determinado o antes de que algo más haya ocurridousado para enfatizar que algo não acontece antes de um determinado momento ou antes que outra coisa tenha acontecidoある特定の時点になるまで、またはほかの何かが起きるまでは何かが起きないことを強調するのに用いる특정 시점이 되기 전에, 또는 다른 일이 일어나기 전에는 어떤 일이 일어나지 않음을 강조하는 데 쓰임: ‘Can I go out and play now?’ ‘Not until you’ve done your homework.’"我现在可以出去玩了吗？""做完作业才行。"«¿Puedo salir a jugar ahora?» «No hasta que hayas hecho la tarea.»"Posso sair para brincar agora?" "Só quando você terminar o dever de casa."「今、外へ遊びに行っていい？」「宿題が終わってからにしなさい。」"지금 나가서 놀아도 돼?" "숙제 다 하고 나서야." It was not until 1972 that the war finally came to an end.直到1972年，战争才最终结束。No fue hasta 1972 que la guerra llegó finalmente a su fin.Foi somente em 1972 que a guerra finalmente chegou ao fim.1972年になって初めて、戦争がついに終わった。전쟁이 마침내 끝난 것은 1972년이 되어서였다.Register语体RegistroRegistro語域어체In everyday English, people often say till rather than until:· I’ll wait till you get back.在日常英语中，人们常用 till 而非 until：· I'll wait till you get back.（我等你回来。）En el inglés cotidiano, la gente suele decir till en lugar de until:· I'll wait till you get back.（Te esperaré hasta que regreses.）No inglês cotidiano, as pessoas frequentemente dizem till em vez de until:· I'll wait till you get back.（Vou esperar até você voltar.）日常英語では、until の代わりに till がよく使われる：· I'll wait till you get back.（あなたが戻るまで待ちます。）일상 영어에서는 until 대신 till을 자주 쓴다：· I'll wait till you get back.（당신이 돌아올 때까지 기다릴게요.）GRAMMAR: Choosing the right tense语法：选择正确的时态GRAMÁTICA: Cómo elegir el tiempo verbal correctoGRAMÁTICA: Como escolher o tempo verbal correto文法：正しい時制の選び方문법: 올바른 시제 선택하기• You use the simple present tense with until: · I will wait until I hear from you.• 在 until 后的从句中使用一般现在时：· I will wait until I hear from you.（我会等你联系我。）• Con until se usa el presente simple:· I will wait until I hear from you.（Esperaré hasta tener noticias tuyas.）• Com until, usa-se o presente simples:· I will wait until I hear from you.（Vou esperar até ter notícias suas.）• until に続く節には単純現在形を用いる：· I will wait until I hear from you.（あなたから連絡が来るまで待ちます。）• until과 함께 단순 현재 시제를 사용한다：· I will wait until I hear from you.（연락이 올 때까지 기다릴게요.）• Don’t use ‘will’ in the clause after until. ✗Don’t say: I will wait until I will hear from you.• 不要在 until 后面的从句中使用 will。✗ 不要说：I will wait until I will hear from you.• No uses will en la cláusula que sigue a until. ✗ No digas: I will wait until I will hear from you.• Não use will na oração após until. ✗ Não diga: I will wait until I will hear from you.• until の後の節に will を使ってはいけない。✗ こう言ってはいけない：I will wait until I will hear from you.• until 뒤에 오는 절에는 will을 쓰지 않는다. ✗ 이렇게 말하지 말 것：I will wait until I will hear from you.• You can also use the present perfect tense with until: · I will wait until I have heard from you.· Stir until the sugar has dissolved. ✗Don’t say: until I will have heard from you | until the sugar will have dissolved• 与 until 连用时也可以用现在完成时：· I will wait until I have heard from you.（我会等到收到你的消息。）· Stir until the sugar has dissolved.（搅拌直至糖溶解。）✗ 不要说：until I will have heard from you | until the sugar will have dissolved• También se puede usar el presente perfecto con until:· I will wait until I have heard from you.（Esperaré hasta haber recibido noticias tuyas.）· Stir until the sugar has dissolved.（Revuelve hasta que el azúcar se haya disuelto.）✗ No digas: until I will have heard from you | until the sugar will have dissolved• Também se pode usar o present perfect com until:· I will wait until I have heard from you.（Vou esperar até receber notícias suas.）· Stir until the sugar has dissolved.（Mexa até o açúcar se dissolver.）✗ Não diga: until I will have heard from you | until the sugar will have dissolved• until に現在完了形を使うこともできる：· I will wait until I have heard from you.（連絡を受けるまで待ちます。）· Stir until the sugar has dissolved.（砂糖が溶けるまでかき混ぜてください。）✗ こう言ってはいけない：until I will have heard from you | until the sugar will have dissolved• until과 함께 현재완료 시제도 쓸 수 있다：· I will wait until I have heard from you.（연락을 받을 때까지 기다릴게요.）· Stir until the sugar has dissolved.（설탕이 녹을 때까지 저으세요.）✗ 이렇게 말하지 말 것：until I will have heard from you | until the sugar will have dissolved• You can also use the past perfect tense with until: · I waited until the train had left the station.Grammar guide ‒ VERBS• 与 until 连用时也可以用过去完成时：· I waited until the train had left the station.（我等到火车离开了车站。）语法指南 ‒ 动词• También se puede usar el pasado perfecto con until:· I waited until the train had left the station.（Esperé hasta que el tren salió de la estación.）Guía gramatical ‒ VERBOS• Também se pode usar o past perfect com until:· I waited until the train had left the station.（Esperei até o trem sair da estação.）Guia gramatical ‒ VERBOS• until に過去完了形を使うこともできる：· I waited until the train had left the station.（列車が駅を出るまで待った。）文法ガイド ‒ 動詞• until과 함께 과거완료 시제도 쓸 수 있다：· I waited until the train had left the station.（기차가 역을 떠날 때까지 기다렸다.）문법 안내 ‒ 동사USAGE: Until now, so far用法：Until now 与 so farUSO: Until now y so farUSO: Until now e so far使い方：Until now と so far용법：Until now와 so far• You usually use until now when a situation has just ended or changed: · I have never thought about it until now (=but now I have thought about it).• 当某种情况刚刚结束或发生变化时，通常使用 until now：· I have never thought about it until now（=但我现在已经想过了）。• Se usa until now generalmente cuando una situación acaba de terminar o cambiar:· I have never thought about it until now（= pero ahora sí lo he pensado）.• Normalmente se usa until now quando uma situação acabou de terminar ou mudar:· I have never thought about it until now（= mas agora pensei a respeito）.• ある状況がちょうど終わったか変わった場合には、通常 until now を使う：· I have never thought about it until now（＝でも今は考えた）。• 어떤 상황이 방금 끝났거나 바뀌었을 때는 보통 until now를 사용한다：· I have never thought about it until now（=하지만 이제는 생각해 봤다）.• You use so far when a situation has not changed: · We don't have any news about him so far. ✗Don’t say: We don't have any news about him until now.• 当某种情况尚未发生变化时，使用 so far：· We don't have any news about him so far.（目前我们没有他的任何消息。）✗ 不要说：We don't have any news about him until now.• Se usa so far cuando una situación no ha cambiado:· We don't have any news about him so far.（Por ahora no tenemos ninguna noticia sobre él.）✗ No digas: We don't have any news about him until now.• Usa-se so far quando uma situação não mudou:· We don't have any news about him so far.（Por enquanto não temos nenhuma notícia sobre ele.）✗ Não diga: We don't have any news about him until now.• 状況が変わっていない場合には so far を使う：· We don't have any news about him so far.（今のところ、彼についての知らせは何もない。）✗ こう言ってはいけない：We don't have any news about him until now.• 상황이 바뀌지 않았을 때는 so far를 사용한다：· We don't have any news about him so far.（지금까지 그에 대한 소식은 없다.）✗ 이렇게 말하지 말 것：We don't have any news about him until now.
1if something happens until a particular time, it continues and then stops at that time若某事持续到某一特定时间，即表示该事一直延续至该时刻才停止si algo ocurre hasta un momento determinado, continúa y luego se detiene en ese momentose algo acontece até um determinado momento, continua e então para naquele momentoあることが特定の時まで続く場合、その時点で終わることを表す어떤 일이 특정 시점까지 지속되다가 그 시점에 멈추는 것을 나타낸다: The ticket is valid until March.该票有效期至三月。El billete es válido hasta marzo.O bilhete é válido até março.そのチケットは3月まで有効です。그 티켓은 3월까지 유효합니다. He waited until she had finished speaking.他等到她说完话。Él esperó hasta que ella terminó de hablar.Ele esperou até que ela terminasse de falar.彼は彼女が話し終わるまで待った。그는 그녀가 말을 끝낼 때까지 기다렸다. Until recently, Anna worked as a teacher in Japan.直到最近，安娜一直在日本担任教师。Hasta hace poco, Anna trabajaba como profesora en Japón.Até recentemente, Anna trabalhava como professora no Japão.最近まで、アンナは日本で教師として働いていた。최근까지 안나는 일본에서 교사로 일했다. Up until last year, they didn’t even own a car.直到去年，他们甚至连车都没有。Hasta el año pasado, ni siquiera tenían auto.Até o ano passado, eles nem tinham carro.昨年まで、彼らは車すら持っていなかった。작년까지만 해도 그들은 차도 없었다.2 not until used to emphasize that something does not happen before a certain point in time or before something else has happened用于强调某事在特定时间点到来之前，或在另一件事发生之前不会发生se usa para enfatizar que algo no ocurre antes de un momento determinado o antes de que algo más haya ocurridousado para enfatizar que algo não acontece antes de um determinado momento ou antes que outra coisa tenha acontecidoある特定の時点になるまで、またはほかの何かが起きるまでは何かが起きないことを強調するのに用いる특정 시점이 되기 전에, 또는 다른 일이 일어나기 전에는 어떤 일이 일어나지 않음을 강조하는 데 쓰임: ‘Can I go out and play now?’ ‘Not until you’ve done your homework.’"我现在可以出去玩了吗？""做完作业才行。"«¿Puedo salir a jugar ahora?» «No hasta que hayas hecho la tarea.»"Posso sair para brincar agora?" "Só quando você terminar o dever de casa."「今、外へ遊びに行っていい？」「宿題が終わってからにしなさい。」"지금 나가서 놀아도 돼?" "숙제 다 하고 나서야." It was not until 1972 that the war finally came to an end.直到1972年，战争才最终结束。No fue hasta 1972 que la guerra llegó finalmente a su fin.Foi somente em 1972 que a guerra finalmente chegou ao fim.1972年になって初めて、戦争がついに終わった。전쟁이 마침내 끝난 것은 1972년이 되어서였다.Register语体RegistroRegistro語域어체In everyday English, people often say till rather than until:· I’ll wait till you get back.在日常英语中，人们常用 till 而非 until：· I'll wait till you get back.（我等你回来。）En el inglés cotidiano, la gente suele decir till en lugar de until:· I'll wait till you get back.（Te esperaré hasta que regreses.）No inglês cotidiano, as pessoas frequentemente dizem till em vez de until:· I'll wait till you get back.（Vou esperar até você voltar.）日常英語では、until の代わりに till がよく使われる：· I'll wait till you get back.（あなたが戻るまで待ちます。）일상 영어에서는 until 대신 till을 자주 쓴다：· I'll wait till you get back.（당신이 돌아올 때까지 기다릴게요.）GRAMMAR: Choosing the right tense语法：选择正确的时态GRAMÁTICA: Cómo elegir el tiempo verbal correctoGRAMÁTICA: Como escolher o tempo verbal correto文法：正しい時制の選び方문법: 올바른 시제 선택하기• You use the simple present tense with until: · I will wait until I hear from you.• 在 until 后的从句中使用一般现在时：· I will wait until I hear from you.（我会等你联系我。）• Con until se usa el presente simple:· I will wait until I hear from you.（Esperaré hasta tener noticias tuyas.）• Com until, usa-se o presente simples:· I will wait until I hear from you.（Vou esperar até ter notícias suas.）• until に続く節には単純現在形を用いる：· I will wait until I hear from you.（あなたから連絡が来るまで待ちます。）• until과 함께 단순 현재 시제를 사용한다：· I will wait until I hear from you.（연락이 올 때까지 기다릴게요.）• Don’t use ‘will’ in the clause after until. ✗Don’t say: I will wait until I will hear from you.• 不要在 until 后面的从句中使用 will。✗ 不要说：I will wait until I will hear from you.• No uses will en la cláusula que sigue a until. ✗ No digas: I will wait until I will hear from you.• Não use will na oração após until. ✗ Não diga: I will wait until I will hear from you.• until の後の節に will を使ってはいけない。✗ こう言ってはいけない：I will wait until I will hear from you.• until 뒤에 오는 절에는 will을 쓰지 않는다. ✗ 이렇게 말하지 말 것：I will wait until I will hear from you.• You can also use the present perfect tense with until: · I will wait until I have heard from you.· Stir until the sugar has dissolved. ✗Don’t say: until I will have heard from you | until the sugar will have dissolved• 与 until 连用时也可以用现在完成时：· I will wait until I have heard from you.（我会等到收到你的消息。）· Stir until the sugar has dissolved.（搅拌直至糖溶解。）✗ 不要说：until I will have heard from you | until the sugar will have dissolved• También se puede usar el presente perfecto con until:· I will wait until I have heard from you.（Esperaré hasta haber recibido noticias tuyas.）· Stir until the sugar has dissolved.（Revuelve hasta que el azúcar se haya disuelto.）✗ No digas: until I will have heard from you | until the sugar will have dissolved• Também se pode usar o present perfect com until:· I will wait until I have heard from you.（Vou esperar até receber notícias suas.）· Stir until the sugar has dissolved.（Mexa até o açúcar se dissolver.）✗ Não diga: until I will have heard from you | until the sugar will have dissolved• until に現在完了形を使うこともできる：· I will wait until I have heard from you.（連絡を受けるまで待ちます。）· Stir until the sugar has dissolved.（砂糖が溶けるまでかき混ぜてください。）✗ こう言ってはいけない：until I will have heard from you | until the sugar will have dissolved• until과 함께 현재완료 시제도 쓸 수 있다：· I will wait until I have heard from you.（연락을 받을 때까지 기다릴게요.）· Stir until the sugar has dissolved.（설탕이 녹을 때까지 저으세요.）✗ 이렇게 말하지 말 것：until I will have heard from you | until the sugar will have dissolved• You can also use the past perfect tense with until: · I waited until the train had left the station.Grammar guide ‒ VERBS• 与 until 连用时也可以用过去完成时：· I waited until the train had left the station.（我等到火车离开了车站。）语法指南 ‒ 动词• También se puede usar el pasado perfecto con until:· I waited until the train had left the station.（Esperé hasta que el tren salió de la estación.）Guía gramatical ‒ VERBOS• Também se pode usar o past perfect com until:· I waited until the train had left the station.（Esperei até o trem sair da estação.）Guia gramatical ‒ VERBOS• until に過去完了形を使うこともできる：· I waited until the train had left the station.（列車が駅を出るまで待った。）文法ガイド ‒ 動詞• until과 함께 과거완료 시제도 쓸 수 있다：· I waited until the train had left the station.（기차가 역을 떠날 때까지 기다렸다.）문법 안내 ‒ 동사USAGE: Until now, so far用法：Until now 与 so farUSO: Until now y so farUSO: Until now e so far使い方：Until now と so far용법：Until now와 so far• You usually use until now when a situation has just ended or changed: · I have never thought about it until now (=but now I have thought about it).• 当某种情况刚刚结束或发生变化时，通常使用 until now：· I have never thought about it until now（=但我现在已经想过了）。• Se usa until now generalmente cuando una situación acaba de terminar o cambiar:· I have never thought about it until now（= pero ahora sí lo he pensado）.• Normalmente se usa until now quando uma situação acabou de terminar ou mudar:· I have never thought about it until now（= mas agora pensei a respeito）.• ある状況がちょうど終わったか変わった場合には、通常 until now を使う：· I have never thought about it until now（＝でも今は考えた）。• 어떤 상황이 방금 끝났거나 바뀌었을 때는 보통 until now를 사용한다：· I have never thought about it until now（=하지만 이제는 생각해 봤다）.• You use so far when a situation has not changed: · We don't have any news about him so far. ✗Don’t say: We don't have any news about him until now.• 当某种情况尚未发生变化时，使用 so far：· We don't have any news about him so far.（目前我们没有他的任何消息。）✗ 不要说：We don't have any news about him until now.• Se usa so far cuando una situación no ha cambiado:· We don't have any news about him so far.（Por ahora no tenemos ninguna noticia sobre él.）✗ No digas: We don't have any news about him until now.• Usa-se so far quando uma situação não mudou:· We don't have any news about him so far.（Por enquanto não temos nenhuma notícia sobre ele.）✗ Não diga: We don't have any news about him until now.• 状況が変わっていない場合には so far を使う：· We don't have any news about him so far.（今のところ、彼についての知らせは何もない。）✗ こう言ってはいけない：We don't have any news about him until now.• 상황이 바뀌지 않았을 때는 so far를 사용한다：· We don't have any news about him so far.（지금까지 그에 대한 소식은 없다.）✗ 이렇게 말하지 말 것：We don't have any news about him until now.