by 的英语意思
byby1 /baɪ/ preposition 
查看全部语言翻译1who/what does something used especially with a passive verb to say who or what does something or makes something happen尤用于被动语态，表示动作的执行者或事件的起因: 
I was attacked by a dog.我被一只狗袭击了。 a church designed by the famous architect, Sir Christopher Wren由著名建筑师克里斯托弗·雷恩爵士设计的一座教堂 We are all alarmed by the rise in violent crime.暴力犯罪的上升令我们所有人深感忧虑。 interference by the state in the affairs of the Church国家对教会事务的干涉 his appointment by the BBC as a producer他被BBC任命为制片人2means/method used to say what means or method someone uses to do something用于表示某人做某事所用的手段或方式: You can reserve the tickets by phone.你可以通过电话预订票。 Send it by airmail.用航空邮件寄送。 Some customers prefer to pay by cheque.有些顾客更喜欢用支票付款。by car/train/bus/taxi etc They travelled to Chicago by train.他们乘火车去了芝加哥。by air/sea/land/road/rail etc All supplies are transported by air.所有物资都通过空运运输。by doing something She earns her living by selling insurance.她靠销售保险谋生。 He was taken from his home by force.他被强行带离家中。3road/door used to say which road, entrance, door etc someone uses to get to a place用于说明某人到达某地所走的路、入口、门等: They came in by the back door.他们从后门进来。 It’s quicker to go by the country route.走乡间小路更快。4taking hold used to say which part of an object or of a person’s body someone takes hold of用于表示某人抓住物体或人体的哪个部位: He took Elaine by the arm and led her across the road.他抓住伊莱恩的手臂，领着她过了马路。 She grabbed the hammer by the handle.她抓住了锤子的手柄。5writer/composer etc used to give the name of someone who wrote a book, produced a film, wrote a piece of music etc用于给出书的作者、电影的制作者、乐曲的创作者等的名字: the ‘New World symphony’ by Dvorak德沃夏克的《新世界交响曲》 a short story by Charles Dickens查尔斯·狄更斯的一篇短篇小说 Who’s it by?这是谁的作品？6beside beside or near something在某物旁边或附近: She stood by the window.她站在窗边。 Jane went and sat by Patrick.简去坐到帕特里克旁边。7past past someone or something without stopping经过某人或某物而不停留: He walked right by me without even saying hello.他从我身边径直走过，连打个招呼都没有。 I pass by the farm every day on my way to work.我每天上班途中都经过那个农场。8before before or not later than a particular time在某一特定时间之前或不晚于该时间: The documents need to be ready by next Friday.文件需要在下周五之前准备好。 I reckon the film should be over by 9.30.我估计电影在9点30分之前应该结束了。 By the end of the day we had sold over 2,000 tickets.到这一天结束时，我们已售出2000多张票。 By the time we got home we were tired and hungry.等我们到家时，已经又累又饿了。► see thesaurus at before9according to according to a particular rule, method, or way of doing things按照某一特定规则、方法或做事方式: You’ve got to play by the rules.你必须遵守规则。 Profits were £6 million, but by our standards this is low.利润为600万英镑，但按我们的标准来看这偏低。10change/difference used to say how great a change or difference is用于表示变化或差距的幅度: The price of oil fell by a further $2 a barrel.油价每桶又下跌了2美元。 I was overcharged by £3.我被多收了3英镑。 Godard’s first film was better by far (=by a large amount or degree).戈达尔的第一部电影好得多（＝好很多）。11measurements used to give the measurements of a room, container etc用于表示房间、容器等的尺寸: a room 15 metres by 23 metres一间15米×23米的房间12quantity used to show what unit of measurement or quantity is involved in selling, paying for, producing etc something用于表示销售、付款、生产等所用的计量单位或数量: Eggs are sold by the dozen.鸡蛋按打出售。 We’re paid by the hour.我们按小时计酬。 She wanted to tear his hair out by the handful.她想一把一把地扯他的头发。13gradual change used to say that something happens gradually用于表示某事逐渐发生: Day by day, he grew weaker.一天天地，他变得越来越虚弱。 Little by little, I was beginning to discover the truth about Garfield.一点一点地，我开始发现关于Garfield的真相。 One by one, the men stepped forward.男人们一个接一个地走上前来。14quick change used to say that something or someone is quickly becoming worse, better etc用于表示某事物或某人正迅速变差、变好等: The financial crisis was growing more serious by the hour.金融危机一小时比一小时严峻。15light used to say that something happens in a particular kind of light用于表示某事在某种光线下发生: We walked through the palace gardens by moonlight.我们借着月光漫步穿过宫殿花园。16by day/night during the day or the night在白天或夜晚: a tour of Paris by night夜游巴黎17job/nature etc used when you are giving information about someone’s character, job, origin etc用于介绍某人的性格、职业、出身等: George I and George II were Germans by birth.乔治一世和乔治二世生来是德国人。 Cautious by nature, Simpkin was reluctant to interfere.Simpkin天性谨慎，不愿干涉。 Robert Key was a teacher by profession.Robert Key的职业是教师。18visiting in order to visit a person or place for a short time为了短暂拜访某人或某地: On the way, I stopped by the post office.在途中，我顺道去了一下邮局。19(all) by yourself a)completely alone完全独处；单独一人: Dave spent Christmas all by himself.戴夫独自一人过了圣诞节。 b)without help from anyone没有任何人的帮助: You can’t move the furniture all by yourself.你一个人搬不动所有的家具。20multiplying/dividing used between two numbers when talking about multiplying or dividing用于两个数之间，表示乘法或除法运算: What’s 48 divided by 4?48除以4是多少？21emphasis used when expressing strong feelings or making serious promises用于表达强烈情感或发出郑重誓言: By God, I’ll kill that boy when I see him!我的天，见到那小子我非宰了他不可！22father if a woman has children by a particular man, that man is the children’s father如果一个女人与某个男人生有孩子，那个男人就是孩子的父亲: She’s got two children by her previous husband.她与前夫生有两个孩子。23by the by spoken口语 used when mentioning something that may be interesting but is not particularly important用于顺带提及某个也许有趣但并不特别重要的事情: By the by, Ian said he might call round tonight.顺便说一句，伊恩说他今晚可能会来。 → by the way at way1USAGE: By, with用法：By 与 with• By is used, especially after passive verbs, to say who or what does something:· The article was written by a university professor.· She was hit by a truck.• by 尤用于被动语态后，表示动作的执行者：· 这篇文章是由一位大学教授撰写的。· 她被一辆卡车撞了。• With is used after verbs that describe a state rather than an action: · The books were covered with dust.· Her house is always filled with music. ✗Don't say: covered by dust | filled by music• with 用于描述状态（而非动作）的动词之后：· 书上覆满了灰尘。· 她的家里总是充满音乐。✗不要说：covered by dust | filled by music• By is used to say what means or method someone uses to do something: · He replied by email.• by 用于表示某人做某事所用的手段或方式：· 他通过电子邮件回复了。• With is used to say what tool is used to do something: · Clean the surface thoroughly with a wire brush.✗Don't say: by a wire brush• with 用于表示做某事所用的工具：· 用钢丝刷彻底清洁表面。✗不要说：by a wire brush
查看全部语言翻译1who/what does something used especially with a passive verb to say who or what does something or makes something happen尤用于被动语态，表示动作的执行者或事件的起因: I was attacked by a dog.我被一只狗袭击了。 a church designed by the famous architect, Sir Christopher Wren由著名建筑师克里斯托弗·雷恩爵士设计的一座教堂 We are all alarmed by the rise in violent crime.暴力犯罪的上升令我们所有人深感忧虑。 interference by the state in the affairs of the Church国家对教会事务的干涉 his appointment by the BBC as a producer他被BBC任命为制片人2means/method used to say what means or method someone uses to do something用于表示某人做某事所用的手段或方式: You can reserve the tickets by phone.你可以通过电话预订票。 Send it by airmail.用航空邮件寄送。 Some customers prefer to pay by cheque.有些顾客更喜欢用支票付款。by car/train/bus/taxi etc They travelled to Chicago by train.他们乘火车去了芝加哥。by air/sea/land/road/rail etc All supplies are transported by air.所有物资都通过空运运输。by doing something She earns her living by selling insurance.她靠销售保险谋生。 He was taken from his home by force.他被强行带离家中。3road/door used to say which road, entrance, door etc someone uses to get to a place用于说明某人到达某地所走的路、入口、门等: They came in by the back door.他们从后门进来。 It’s quicker to go by the country route.走乡间小路更快。4taking hold used to say which part of an object or of a person’s body someone takes hold of用于表示某人抓住物体或人体的哪个部位: He took Elaine by the arm and led her across the road.他抓住伊莱恩的手臂，领着她过了马路。 She grabbed the hammer by the handle.她抓住了锤子的手柄。5writer/composer etc used to give the name of someone who wrote a book, produced a film, wrote a piece of music etc用于给出书的作者、电影的制作者、乐曲的创作者等的名字: the ‘New World symphony’ by Dvorak德沃夏克的《新世界交响曲》 a short story by Charles Dickens查尔斯·狄更斯的一篇短篇小说 Who’s it by?这是谁的作品？6beside beside or near something在某物旁边或附近: She stood by the window.她站在窗边。 Jane went and sat by Patrick.简去坐到帕特里克旁边。7past past someone or something without stopping经过某人或某物而不停留: He walked right by me without even saying hello.他从我身边径直走过，连打个招呼都没有。 I pass by the farm every day on my way to work.我每天上班途中都经过那个农场。8before before or not later than a particular time在某一特定时间之前或不晚于该时间: The documents need to be ready by next Friday.文件需要在下周五之前准备好。 I reckon the film should be over by 9.30.我估计电影在9点30分之前应该结束了。 By the end of the day we had sold over 2,000 tickets.到这一天结束时，我们已售出2000多张票。 By the time we got home we were tired and hungry.等我们到家时，已经又累又饿了。► see thesaurus at before9according to according to a particular rule, method, or way of doing things按照某一特定规则、方法或做事方式: You’ve got to play by the rules.你必须遵守规则。 Profits were £6 million, but by our standards this is low.利润为600万英镑，但按我们的标准来看这偏低。10change/difference used to say how great a change or difference is用于表示变化或差距的幅度: The price of oil fell by a further $2 a barrel.油价每桶又下跌了2美元。 I was overcharged by £3.我被多收了3英镑。 Godard’s first film was better by far (=by a large amount or degree).戈达尔的第一部电影好得多（＝好很多）。11measurements used to give the measurements of a room, container etc用于表示房间、容器等的尺寸: a room 15 metres by 23 metres一间15米×23米的房间12quantity used to show what unit of measurement or quantity is involved in selling, paying for, producing etc something用于表示销售、付款、生产等所用的计量单位或数量: Eggs are sold by the dozen.鸡蛋按打出售。 We’re paid by the hour.我们按小时计酬。 She wanted to tear his hair out by the handful.她想一把一把地扯他的头发。13gradual change used to say that something happens gradually用于表示某事逐渐发生: Day by day, he grew weaker.一天天地，他变得越来越虚弱。 Little by little, I was beginning to discover the truth about Garfield.一点一点地，我开始发现关于Garfield的真相。 One by one, the men stepped forward.男人们一个接一个地走上前来。14quick change used to say that something or someone is quickly becoming worse, better etc用于表示某事物或某人正迅速变差、变好等: The financial crisis was growing more serious by the hour.金融危机一小时比一小时严峻。15light used to say that something happens in a particular kind of light用于表示某事在某种光线下发生: We walked through the palace gardens by moonlight.我们借着月光漫步穿过宫殿花园。16by day/night during the day or the night在白天或夜晚: a tour of Paris by night夜游巴黎17job/nature etc used when you are giving information about someone’s character, job, origin etc用于介绍某人的性格、职业、出身等: George I and George II were Germans by birth.乔治一世和乔治二世生来是德国人。 Cautious by nature, Simpkin was reluctant to interfere.Simpkin天性谨慎，不愿干涉。 Robert Key was a teacher by profession.Robert Key的职业是教师。18visiting in order to visit a person or place for a short time为了短暂拜访某人或某地: On the way, I stopped by the post office.在途中，我顺道去了一下邮局。19(all) by yourself a)completely alone完全独处；单独一人: Dave spent Christmas all by himself.戴夫独自一人过了圣诞节。 b)without help from anyone没有任何人的帮助: You can’t move the furniture all by yourself.你一个人搬不动所有的家具。20multiplying/dividing used between two numbers when talking about multiplying or dividing用于两个数之间，表示乘法或除法运算: What’s 48 divided by 4?48除以4是多少？21emphasis used when expressing strong feelings or making serious promises用于表达强烈情感或发出郑重誓言: By God, I’ll kill that boy when I see him!我的天，见到那小子我非宰了他不可！22father if a woman has children by a particular man, that man is the children’s father如果一个女人与某个男人生有孩子，那个男人就是孩子的父亲: She’s got two children by her previous husband.她与前夫生有两个孩子。23by the by spoken口语 used when mentioning something that may be interesting but is not particularly important用于顺带提及某个也许有趣但并不特别重要的事情: By the by, Ian said he might call round tonight.顺便说一句，伊恩说他今晚可能会来。 → by the way at way1USAGE: By, with用法：By 与 with• By is used, especially after passive verbs, to say who or what does something:· The article was written by a university professor.· She was hit by a truck.• by 尤用于被动语态后，表示动作的执行者：· 这篇文章是由一位大学教授撰写的。· 她被一辆卡车撞了。• With is used after verbs that describe a state rather than an action: · The books were covered with dust.· Her house is always filled with music. ✗Don't say: covered by dust | filled by music• with 用于描述状态（而非动作）的动词之后：· 书上覆满了灰尘。· 她的家里总是充满音乐。✗不要说：covered by dust | filled by music• By is used to say what means or method someone uses to do something: · He replied by email.• by 用于表示某人做某事所用的手段或方式：· 他通过电子邮件回复了。• With is used to say what tool is used to do something: · Clean the surface thoroughly with a wire brush.✗Don't say: by a wire brush• with 用于表示做某事所用的工具：· 用钢丝刷彻底清洁表面。✗不要说：by a wire brushbyby2 adverb 1past someone or something经过某人或某物: As I was standing on the platform, the Liverpool train went whizzing by.我站在站台上时，去利物浦的火车呼啸着驶过。 James walked by without even looking in my direction.詹姆斯从旁边走过，甚至没有朝我的方向看一眼。2used to say that time passes用于表示时间流逝: As the summer days slipped by, it was easy to forget about the war.随着夏日悄然流逝，战争渐渐容易被人遗忘。 Ten years had gone by since I had last seen Marilyn.自从上次见到玛丽莲，已经过去了十年。3beside or near someone or something在某人或某物旁边或附近: A crowd of people were standing by, waiting for an announcement.一群人站在旁边，等待通知。4in order to visit a person or place for a short time为了短暂拜访某人或某地: Why don’t you stop by for a drink after work?下班后顺便来喝一杯怎么样？5by and large used when making a general statement用于做概括性陈述时: By and large, the new arrangements have worked well.总体而言，新的安排运作良好。6by and by old use旧式 soon不久: She will be better by and by.她不久就会好起来的。
1past someone or something经过某人或某物: As I was standing on the platform, the Liverpool train went whizzing by.我站在站台上时，去利物浦的火车呼啸着驶过。 James walked by without even looking in my direction.詹姆斯从旁边走过，甚至没有朝我的方向看一眼。2used to say that time passes用于表示时间流逝: As the summer days slipped by, it was easy to forget about the war.随着夏日悄然流逝，战争渐渐容易被人遗忘。 Ten years had gone by since I had last seen Marilyn.自从上次见到玛丽莲，已经过去了十年。3beside or near someone or something在某人或某物旁边或附近: A crowd of people were standing by, waiting for an announcement.一群人站在旁边，等待通知。4in order to visit a person or place for a short time为了短暂拜访某人或某地: Why don’t you stop by for a drink after work?下班后顺便来喝一杯怎么样？5by and large used when making a general statement用于做概括性陈述时: By and large, the new arrangements have worked well.总体而言，新的安排运作良好。6by and by old use旧式 soon不久: She will be better by and by.她不久就会好起来的。