hard 的英语意思
hardhard1 /hɑːd $ hɑːrd/ adjective (comparative harder, superlative hardest) 
查看全部语言翻译1firm to touch firm, stiff, and difficult to press down, break, or cut坚硬的，不易按压、折断或切割 OPP soft: 
a hard wooden chair一把坚硬的木椅 the hardest substance known to man人类已知最坚硬的物质 After months without rain, the ground was too hard to plough.数月无雨之后，地面坚硬得无法犁耕。2difficult difficult to do or understand难以做到或理解的 SYN difficult OPP easy: This year’s exam was much harder than last year’s.今年的考试比去年难多了。 You’ll have to make some hard decisions.你将不得不做出一些艰难的决定。 They’re a hard team to beat.他们是一支很难击败的队伍。it is hard to believe/imagine/see/know etc It was hard to see what else we could have done.很难看出我们还能做什么别的。 It’s hard to believe that anyone would say something like that.很难相信会有人说出那样的话。find it hard to do something I was finding it hard to concentrate.我发现自己很难集中注意力。 Permanent jobs are hard to come by (=difficult to find or get).固定工作难得（即难以找到或获得）。be hard for somebody It must be hard for her, bringing up three kids on her own.她一个人抚养三个孩子，一定很辛苦。 Telling my parents is going to be the hardest thing about it.告诉父母这件事将是其中最难的部分。have a hard time doing something (=be difficult for someone to do something)（即对某人来说做某事很困难） You’ll have a hard time proving that.你会很难证明这一点的。 I had a hard time persuading him to accept the offer.我费了好大劲才说服他接受这个提议。 Such criticism was hard to take (=difficult to accept).这样的批评难以承受（即难以接受）。► see thesaurus at difficult3work/effort [usually before noun] using or involving a lot of mental or physical effort需要或涉及大量脑力或体力投入的: To be successful in sport requires hard work and a great deal of determination.要在体育运动中取得成功，需要艰苦努力和极大的决心。 After a hard day at work, I just want to come home and put my feet up.辛苦工作了一天之后，我只想回家好好休息。a hard day’s work/walking/skiing etc There’s a sauna where you can relax after a hard day’s skiing.这里有桑拿房，可以在辛苦滑雪一天后放松休息。 Becoming a doctor never interested him. It was too much like hard work (=it would involve too much work).他对成为医生从来没有兴趣。那太像是苦差事了（即需要付出太多努力）。► see thesaurus at tiring4full of problems a situation or time that is hard is one in which you have a lot of problems, especially when you do not have enough money形容困苦的处境或时期，尤指因经济拮据而问题重重的情况: She’s had a hard life.她过着艰苦的生活。 Times were hard and they were forced to sell their house.时局艰难，他们被迫出售了房子。 He had clearly fallen on hard times (=did not have much money).他显然已陷入困境（即没有多少钱了）。5be hard on somebody a)to criticize someone in a way that is unfair, or to be too strict with them以不公平的方式批评某人，或对其过于苛刻: Perhaps I’m too hard on her.也许我对她太苛刻了。 b)to have a bad effect on someone对某人产生不良影响: Divorce can be very hard on children.离婚对孩子的影响可能非常大。6be hard on something to have a bad effect on something对某物产生不良影响: Standing all day is very hard on the feet.整天站立对脚的伤害很大。7 do something the hard way to learn, achieve, or do something after a bad experience or by making mistakes通过不好的经历或犯错误来学习、实现或做某事: He learned the hard way about the harsh reality of the boxing world.他通过惨痛的经历了解了拳击世界的严酷现实。 Make sure you put the baby’s diaper on before you start feeding her. I learned this lesson the hard way.开始喂奶前一定要先给宝宝换好尿布。这是我用惨痛教训换来的经验。 He earned his promotion the hard way.他通过艰辛努力获得了晋升。8using force using a lot of force用很大的力气: Jane gave the door a good hard push.简用力推了一下门。 She gave him a hard slap.她用力给了他一巴掌。9 hard evidence/facts/information etc facts that are definitely true and can be proved确定为真且可以证明的事实: There is no hard evidence to support this theory.没有确凿的证据支持这一理论。10unkind showing no sympathetic or gentle feelings不流露同情或温情的: a hard face一张冷酷的脸 Her voice was hard and cold.她的声音冷硬而冰冷。 You’re a hard man, John.你是个冷酷的人，John。11hard going a)difficult to do and needing a lot of effort难以完成且需要付出大量努力的: A strong wind made the race very hard going.强风使比赛极为艰辛。 b)boring, or difficult to deal with, talk to etc令人乏味的，或难以相处、交谈等的: I find some of his friends pretty hard going.我觉得他的一些朋友很难相处。12 make hard work of something to make something you are doing seem more difficult than it really is把自己正在做的事情弄得比实际更难: Juventus were making hard work of what should have been an easy game.尤文图斯把本应轻松的比赛搞得很艰难。13 be hard at it/work informal非正式 to be very busy doing something忙于做某事: Sarah was hard at it on her computer.萨拉正忙着在电脑上工作。14water hard water contains a lot of minerals, and does not mix easily with soap硬水含有大量矿物质，不易与肥皂起泡 OPP soft15hard luck a)British English spoken口语 used to tell someone that you feel sorry for them because they have not succeeded in what they were trying to do用于表示对某人的遗憾，因为他们未能成功完成所尝试之事: ‘I failed my driving test.’ ‘Oh, hard luck!’"我驾照考试没过。""哦，真不走运！" b)when bad things happen to you that are not your fault指发生在你身上但非你过失的不幸事情: You’ve had your share of hard luck.你已经经历了不少不走运的事。hard on It was hard luck on you.这对你来说真是不走运。 c)spoken口语 (also hard cheese British English) used to say that you do not care if someone is having problems, does not like something etc用于表示对某人遇到的问题或不喜欢某事无所谓: If you don’t like the idea then hard luck!如果你不喜欢这个想法，那是你的问题！16give somebody a hard time informal非正式 a)to treat someone badly or cause problems for them粗暴对待某人或给某人造成麻烦: Giving you a hard time, is she?她在给你找麻烦，是吗？ They reached the border where officials gave them a hard time.他们到达边境时，官员们给他们制造了很多麻烦。 b)to criticize someone a lot大力批评某人: Hostile critics have given Hartman a hard time.敌意批评者对哈特曼大加抨击。17have a hard time to have a lot of problems or bad experiences经历大量问题或不好的经历: I’m glad she’s happy at last – she’s had such a hard time.我很高兴她终于幸福了——她经历了这么多艰辛。 Vegetarians still often have a hard time of it when it comes to eating out.素食者在外出就餐时往往仍然处境艰难。18drive/strike a hard bargain to demand a lot or refuse to give too much when you are making an agreement在达成协议时要求很多或拒绝让步太多: The company is believed to have struck a hard bargain.据信该公司达成了一份对己方非常有利的交易。19hard feelings a)anger between people because of something that has happened因某件事而在人与人之间产生的怨恨情绪: We’d known each other too long for hard feelings.我们认识太久了，不该有怨恨。 I have no hard feelings towards Steve.我对史蒂夫没有怨恨。 b)no hard feelings spoken口语 used to tell someone that you do not want to be angry with them or for them to be angry with you用于告诉某人你不想生他们的气，也不希望他们生你的气: I’m sorry it didn’t work out, but no hard feelings, eh?很遗憾事情没成，但不要有怨恨，好吗？20 take a (long) hard look at something/somebody to think carefully about something, especially with the result that you change your opinions or behaviour认真思考某事，尤指由此改变观点或行为: You should take a long hard look at the issues before committing yourself.你应该在做出承诺之前认真审视这些问题。21hard line a strict way of dealing with someone or something对待某人或某事的严厉方式: The president should abandon his hard line in the region.总统应放弃其在该地区的强硬立场。take/adopt a hard line (on something) The school takes a very hard line on drugs.该学校在毒品问题上采取非常强硬的立场。22hard news news stories that are about serious subjects or events关于严肃题材或事件的新闻报道: TV news programs seem to be more interested in gossip than in hard news.电视新闻节目似乎对八卦比对严肃新闻更感兴趣。23not frightened British English spoken口语 strong, ready to fight, and not afraid of anyone or anything强悍的，随时准备打架，不惧任何人或任何事: He thinks he’s really hard.他以为自己很厉害。 Jones was known as soccer’s hard man.琼斯以足球界的硬汉著称。24 (as) hard as nails someone who is hard as nails seems to have no feelings such as fear or sympathy形容某人铁石心肠，似乎毫无恐惧或同情之情25 a hard taskmaster/master someone who makes people work too hard迫使他人过度劳累工作的人26 a hard winter/frost a very cold winter or frost非常寒冷的冬季或严霜 OPP mild27the hard left/right people who have extreme left-wing or right-wing political aims and ideas持有极端左翼或右翼政治目标和思想的人 SYN far left/right, extreme: concerns about the re-emergence of the hard right in some areas对某些地区极右翼势力重新崛起的担忧28light especially literary尤用于文学语体 hard light is bright and unpleasant强光是明亮而刺眼不适的 SYN harsh: the hard brilliance of the moonlight月光冷冽刺眼的光辉29alcohol [only before noun] informal非正式 very strong非常烈的: hard liquor烈酒 I never touch the hard stuff (=strong alcohol).我从不碰烈酒（即高度酒精饮料）。 → hard drugs30 a hard left/right a big turn to the left or right, for example when you are driving大幅度向左或向右转弯，例如驾车时 SYN sharp31pronunciation a hard ‘c’ is pronounced /k/ rather than /s/; a hard ‘g’ is pronounced /g/ rather than /dz/硬音"c"发/k/而非/s/；硬音"g"发/g/而非/dz/—hardness noun [uncountable]: a material that would combine the flexibility of rubber with the hardness of glass一种兼具橡胶柔韧性与玻璃坚硬度的材料THESAURUS同义词辨析hard difficult to press down, break, or cut, and not at all soft难以按压、折断或切割，一点也不软: · I fell onto the hard stone floor.· 我摔在了坚硬的石地板上。· The clay gets harder as it dries.· 黏土越干越硬。firm not completely hard, but not easy to press or bend – used especially when this seems a good thing不完全坚硬，但也不易按压或弯折——尤指这种特性较为理想的情况: · I like to sleep on a firm mattress.· 我喜欢睡有一定硬度的床垫。· exercises to make your stomach muscles nice and firm· 使腹部肌肉结实有力的锻炼· The pears were firm and juicy.· 梨子质地紧实，汁水丰盈。stiff difficult to bend and not changing shape难以弯折且不会改变形状的: · a piece of stiff cardboard· 一张硬纸板· The collar of his shirt felt stiff and uncomfortable.· 他衬衫的领子摸起来硬邦邦的，很不舒服。solid made of a thick hard material and not hollow由厚实坚硬的材料制成且非空心的: · a solid oak door· 一扇实心橡木门· The floor felt strong and solid beneath her feet.· 她脚下的地板感觉坚实而牢固。rigid /ˈrɪdʒəd/ having a structure that is made of a material that is difficult or impossible to bend由难以弯折或无法弯折的材料构成的: · The tent is supported by a rigid frame.· 帐篷由坚硬的框架支撑。· Carry sandwiches in a rigid container.· 用硬质容器装三明治携带。crisp/crispy used about food that is pleasantly hard, so that it makes a noise when you bite it – often used about things that have been cooked in thin slices until they are brown形容食物吃起来有令人愉快的脆感，咬时会发出声音——常用于切成薄片烤至金黄的食物: · Bake the cookies until they are crisp and golden.· 将饼干烤至酥脆金黄。· crispy bacon· 酥脆的培根crunchy food that is crunchy makes a noise when you bite on it – often used about things that are fresh, for example fruit, vegetables, and nuts形容食物咬起来嘎吱作响——常用于新鲜食物，如水果、蔬菜和坚果: · a crunchy breakfast cereal· 酥脆的早餐麦片· The carrots were still nice and crunchy.· 胡萝卜依然脆爽可口。· a crunchy salad· 爽脆的沙拉· crunchy peanut butter· 颗粒花生酱tough meat that is tough is too hard and is difficult to cut or eat形容肉质老硬，难以切割或食用: · The meat was tough and flavourless.· 这肉又老又没味道。rubbery too hard and bending like rubber rather than breaking – used especially about meat过于硬韧，像橡皮一样弯折而不会断裂——尤指肉类: · The chicken was all rubbery.· 这鸡肉嚼起来像橡皮。COLLOCATIONS CHECK搭配核查firm bed/muscles/fruit/vegetables/groundstiff card/cardboard/collar/material/fingers/bodysolid wood/steel/concrete/floor/wallrigid frame/structurecrisp/crispy apple/bacon/toast/potato/lettucecrunchy cereal/vegetables/nuts/snacktough meatrubbery meat
查看全部语言翻译1firm to touch firm, stiff, and difficult to press down, break, or cut坚硬的，不易按压、折断或切割 OPP soft: a hard wooden chair一把坚硬的木椅 the hardest substance known to man人类已知最坚硬的物质 After months without rain, the ground was too hard to plough.数月无雨之后，地面坚硬得无法犁耕。2difficult difficult to do or understand难以做到或理解的 SYN difficult OPP easy: This year’s exam was much harder than last year’s.今年的考试比去年难多了。 You’ll have to make some hard decisions.你将不得不做出一些艰难的决定。 They’re a hard team to beat.他们是一支很难击败的队伍。it is hard to believe/imagine/see/know etc It was hard to see what else we could have done.很难看出我们还能做什么别的。 It’s hard to believe that anyone would say something like that.很难相信会有人说出那样的话。find it hard to do something I was finding it hard to concentrate.我发现自己很难集中注意力。 Permanent jobs are hard to come by (=difficult to find or get).固定工作难得（即难以找到或获得）。be hard for somebody It must be hard for her, bringing up three kids on her own.她一个人抚养三个孩子，一定很辛苦。 Telling my parents is going to be the hardest thing about it.告诉父母这件事将是其中最难的部分。have a hard time doing something (=be difficult for someone to do something)（即对某人来说做某事很困难） You’ll have a hard time proving that.你会很难证明这一点的。 I had a hard time persuading him to accept the offer.我费了好大劲才说服他接受这个提议。 Such criticism was hard to take (=difficult to accept).这样的批评难以承受（即难以接受）。► see thesaurus at difficult3work/effort [usually before noun] using or involving a lot of mental or physical effort需要或涉及大量脑力或体力投入的: To be successful in sport requires hard work and a great deal of determination.要在体育运动中取得成功，需要艰苦努力和极大的决心。 After a hard day at work, I just want to come home and put my feet up.辛苦工作了一天之后，我只想回家好好休息。a hard day’s work/walking/skiing etc There’s a sauna where you can relax after a hard day’s skiing.这里有桑拿房，可以在辛苦滑雪一天后放松休息。 Becoming a doctor never interested him. It was too much like hard work (=it would involve too much work).他对成为医生从来没有兴趣。那太像是苦差事了（即需要付出太多努力）。► see thesaurus at tiring4full of problems a situation or time that is hard is one in which you have a lot of problems, especially when you do not have enough money形容困苦的处境或时期，尤指因经济拮据而问题重重的情况: She’s had a hard life.她过着艰苦的生活。 Times were hard and they were forced to sell their house.时局艰难，他们被迫出售了房子。 He had clearly fallen on hard times (=did not have much money).他显然已陷入困境（即没有多少钱了）。5be hard on somebody a)to criticize someone in a way that is unfair, or to be too strict with them以不公平的方式批评某人，或对其过于苛刻: Perhaps I’m too hard on her.也许我对她太苛刻了。 b)to have a bad effect on someone对某人产生不良影响: Divorce can be very hard on children.离婚对孩子的影响可能非常大。6be hard on something to have a bad effect on something对某物产生不良影响: Standing all day is very hard on the feet.整天站立对脚的伤害很大。7 do something the hard way to learn, achieve, or do something after a bad experience or by making mistakes通过不好的经历或犯错误来学习、实现或做某事: He learned the hard way about the harsh reality of the boxing world.他通过惨痛的经历了解了拳击世界的严酷现实。 Make sure you put the baby’s diaper on before you start feeding her. I learned this lesson the hard way.开始喂奶前一定要先给宝宝换好尿布。这是我用惨痛教训换来的经验。 He earned his promotion the hard way.他通过艰辛努力获得了晋升。8using force using a lot of force用很大的力气: Jane gave the door a good hard push.简用力推了一下门。 She gave him a hard slap.她用力给了他一巴掌。9 hard evidence/facts/information etc facts that are definitely true and can be proved确定为真且可以证明的事实: There is no hard evidence to support this theory.没有确凿的证据支持这一理论。10unkind showing no sympathetic or gentle feelings不流露同情或温情的: a hard face一张冷酷的脸 Her voice was hard and cold.她的声音冷硬而冰冷。 You’re a hard man, John.你是个冷酷的人，John。11hard going a)difficult to do and needing a lot of effort难以完成且需要付出大量努力的: A strong wind made the race very hard going.强风使比赛极为艰辛。 b)boring, or difficult to deal with, talk to etc令人乏味的，或难以相处、交谈等的: I find some of his friends pretty hard going.我觉得他的一些朋友很难相处。12 make hard work of something to make something you are doing seem more difficult than it really is把自己正在做的事情弄得比实际更难: Juventus were making hard work of what should have been an easy game.尤文图斯把本应轻松的比赛搞得很艰难。13 be hard at it/work informal非正式 to be very busy doing something忙于做某事: Sarah was hard at it on her computer.萨拉正忙着在电脑上工作。14water hard water contains a lot of minerals, and does not mix easily with soap硬水含有大量矿物质，不易与肥皂起泡 OPP soft15hard luck a)British English spoken口语 used to tell someone that you feel sorry for them because they have not succeeded in what they were trying to do用于表示对某人的遗憾，因为他们未能成功完成所尝试之事: ‘I failed my driving test.’ ‘Oh, hard luck!’"我驾照考试没过。""哦，真不走运！" b)when bad things happen to you that are not your fault指发生在你身上但非你过失的不幸事情: You’ve had your share of hard luck.你已经经历了不少不走运的事。hard on It was hard luck on you.这对你来说真是不走运。 c)spoken口语 (also hard cheese British English) used to say that you do not care if someone is having problems, does not like something etc用于表示对某人遇到的问题或不喜欢某事无所谓: If you don’t like the idea then hard luck!如果你不喜欢这个想法，那是你的问题！16give somebody a hard time informal非正式 a)to treat someone badly or cause problems for them粗暴对待某人或给某人造成麻烦: Giving you a hard time, is she?她在给你找麻烦，是吗？ They reached the border where officials gave them a hard time.他们到达边境时，官员们给他们制造了很多麻烦。 b)to criticize someone a lot大力批评某人: Hostile critics have given Hartman a hard time.敌意批评者对哈特曼大加抨击。17have a hard time to have a lot of problems or bad experiences经历大量问题或不好的经历: I’m glad she’s happy at last – she’s had such a hard time.我很高兴她终于幸福了——她经历了这么多艰辛。 Vegetarians still often have a hard time of it when it comes to eating out.素食者在外出就餐时往往仍然处境艰难。18drive/strike a hard bargain to demand a lot or refuse to give too much when you are making an agreement在达成协议时要求很多或拒绝让步太多: The company is believed to have struck a hard bargain.据信该公司达成了一份对己方非常有利的交易。19hard feelings a)anger between people because of something that has happened因某件事而在人与人之间产生的怨恨情绪: We’d known each other too long for hard feelings.我们认识太久了，不该有怨恨。 I have no hard feelings towards Steve.我对史蒂夫没有怨恨。 b)no hard feelings spoken口语 used to tell someone that you do not want to be angry with them or for them to be angry with you用于告诉某人你不想生他们的气，也不希望他们生你的气: I’m sorry it didn’t work out, but no hard feelings, eh?很遗憾事情没成，但不要有怨恨，好吗？20 take a (long) hard look at something/somebody to think carefully about something, especially with the result that you change your opinions or behaviour认真思考某事，尤指由此改变观点或行为: You should take a long hard look at the issues before committing yourself.你应该在做出承诺之前认真审视这些问题。21hard line a strict way of dealing with someone or something对待某人或某事的严厉方式: The president should abandon his hard line in the region.总统应放弃其在该地区的强硬立场。take/adopt a hard line (on something) The school takes a very hard line on drugs.该学校在毒品问题上采取非常强硬的立场。22hard news news stories that are about serious subjects or events关于严肃题材或事件的新闻报道: TV news programs seem to be more interested in gossip than in hard news.电视新闻节目似乎对八卦比对严肃新闻更感兴趣。23not frightened British English spoken口语 strong, ready to fight, and not afraid of anyone or anything强悍的，随时准备打架，不惧任何人或任何事: He thinks he’s really hard.他以为自己很厉害。 Jones was known as soccer’s hard man.琼斯以足球界的硬汉著称。24 (as) hard as nails someone who is hard as nails seems to have no feelings such as fear or sympathy形容某人铁石心肠，似乎毫无恐惧或同情之情25 a hard taskmaster/master someone who makes people work too hard迫使他人过度劳累工作的人26 a hard winter/frost a very cold winter or frost非常寒冷的冬季或严霜 OPP mild27the hard left/right people who have extreme left-wing or right-wing political aims and ideas持有极端左翼或右翼政治目标和思想的人 SYN far left/right, extreme: concerns about the re-emergence of the hard right in some areas对某些地区极右翼势力重新崛起的担忧28light especially literary尤用于文学语体 hard light is bright and unpleasant强光是明亮而刺眼不适的 SYN harsh: the hard brilliance of the moonlight月光冷冽刺眼的光辉29alcohol [only before noun] informal非正式 very strong非常烈的: hard liquor烈酒 I never touch the hard stuff (=strong alcohol).我从不碰烈酒（即高度酒精饮料）。 → hard drugs30 a hard left/right a big turn to the left or right, for example when you are driving大幅度向左或向右转弯，例如驾车时 SYN sharp31pronunciation a hard ‘c’ is pronounced /k/ rather than /s/; a hard ‘g’ is pronounced /g/ rather than /dz/硬音"c"发/k/而非/s/；硬音"g"发/g/而非/dz/—hardness noun [uncountable]: a material that would combine the flexibility of rubber with the hardness of glass一种兼具橡胶柔韧性与玻璃坚硬度的材料THESAURUS同义词辨析hard difficult to press down, break, or cut, and not at all soft难以按压、折断或切割，一点也不软: · I fell onto the hard stone floor.· 我摔在了坚硬的石地板上。· The clay gets harder as it dries.· 黏土越干越硬。firm not completely hard, but not easy to press or bend – used especially when this seems a good thing不完全坚硬，但也不易按压或弯折——尤指这种特性较为理想的情况: · I like to sleep on a firm mattress.· 我喜欢睡有一定硬度的床垫。· exercises to make your stomach muscles nice and firm· 使腹部肌肉结实有力的锻炼· The pears were firm and juicy.· 梨子质地紧实，汁水丰盈。stiff difficult to bend and not changing shape难以弯折且不会改变形状的: · a piece of stiff cardboard· 一张硬纸板· The collar of his shirt felt stiff and uncomfortable.· 他衬衫的领子摸起来硬邦邦的，很不舒服。solid made of a thick hard material and not hollow由厚实坚硬的材料制成且非空心的: · a solid oak door· 一扇实心橡木门· The floor felt strong and solid beneath her feet.· 她脚下的地板感觉坚实而牢固。rigid /ˈrɪdʒəd/ having a structure that is made of a material that is difficult or impossible to bend由难以弯折或无法弯折的材料构成的: · The tent is supported by a rigid frame.· 帐篷由坚硬的框架支撑。· Carry sandwiches in a rigid container.· 用硬质容器装三明治携带。crisp/crispy used about food that is pleasantly hard, so that it makes a noise when you bite it – often used about things that have been cooked in thin slices until they are brown形容食物吃起来有令人愉快的脆感，咬时会发出声音——常用于切成薄片烤至金黄的食物: · Bake the cookies until they are crisp and golden.· 将饼干烤至酥脆金黄。· crispy bacon· 酥脆的培根crunchy food that is crunchy makes a noise when you bite on it – often used about things that are fresh, for example fruit, vegetables, and nuts形容食物咬起来嘎吱作响——常用于新鲜食物，如水果、蔬菜和坚果: · a crunchy breakfast cereal· 酥脆的早餐麦片· The carrots were still nice and crunchy.· 胡萝卜依然脆爽可口。· a crunchy salad· 爽脆的沙拉· crunchy peanut butter· 颗粒花生酱tough meat that is tough is too hard and is difficult to cut or eat形容肉质老硬，难以切割或食用: · The meat was tough and flavourless.· 这肉又老又没味道。rubbery too hard and bending like rubber rather than breaking – used especially about meat过于硬韧，像橡皮一样弯折而不会断裂——尤指肉类: · The chicken was all rubbery.· 这鸡肉嚼起来像橡皮。COLLOCATIONS CHECK搭配核查firm bed/muscles/fruit/vegetables/groundstiff card/cardboard/collar/material/fingers/bodysolid wood/steel/concrete/floor/wallrigid frame/structurecrisp/crispy apple/bacon/toast/potato/lettucecrunchy cereal/vegetables/nuts/snacktough meatrubbery meathardhard2 adverb (comparative harder, superlative hardest) 1using energy/effort using a lot of effort, energy, or attention付出大量努力、精力或专注: She has worked hard all her life.她一生都在努力工作。 He had thought long and hard before getting involved with the project.在参与这个项目之前，他经过了深思熟虑。 She tried her hardest to ignore what he’d said.她尽了最大努力去无视他说的话。 Ella was concentrating very hard.艾拉非常专注。 I couldn’t convince him no matter how hard I tried.无论我怎么努力，都无法说服他。2with force with a lot of force用很大的力气: You need to hit the ball hard.你需要用力击球。 He slammed the door hard behind him.他用力地把身后的门砰地关上。 It was raining very hard.雨下得很大。3become solid becoming solid, stiff, or firm变得坚固、僵硬或结实: By now the cement had set hard.这时水泥已经完全硬化了。4be hard hit/be hit hard to be badly affected by something that has happened受到某件事的严重影响: Sales were hard hit by high interest rates.销售额受到高利率的严重冲击。5be hard put/pressed/pushed to do something informal非正式 to have difficulty doing something做某事有困难: You’d be hard pressed to find anyone better for the job.你很难找到比这更合适这份工作的人了。 → hard-pressed6be/feel hard done by informal非正式 to be or feel unfairly treated被不公平对待或有这种感受: As a child I felt hard done by, living so far away from my friends.小时候，因为住得离朋友那么远，我觉得自己受到了不公平的对待。7take something hard to be very upset about something, especially bad news因某事而非常难过，尤指坏消息: Alan took his mother’s death particularly hard.艾伦对母亲的去世感到格外悲痛。8hard upon/on something British English formal正式 soon after something在某事之后不久: His second major contract followed hard upon the first.他的第二份重要合同紧随第一份之后签订。9laugh/cry hard to laugh, cry etc a lot大笑、大哭等 → hard by, hard up, → (hard/hot/close) on somebody’s heels at heel1, → (hard/hot/close) on the heels of something at heel1, → play hard to get at play1(23)
1using energy/effort using a lot of effort, energy, or attention付出大量努力、精力或专注: She has worked hard all her life.她一生都在努力工作。 He had thought long and hard before getting involved with the project.在参与这个项目之前，他经过了深思熟虑。 She tried her hardest to ignore what he’d said.她尽了最大努力去无视他说的话。 Ella was concentrating very hard.艾拉非常专注。 I couldn’t convince him no matter how hard I tried.无论我怎么努力，都无法说服他。2with force with a lot of force用很大的力气: You need to hit the ball hard.你需要用力击球。 He slammed the door hard behind him.他用力地把身后的门砰地关上。 It was raining very hard.雨下得很大。3become solid becoming solid, stiff, or firm变得坚固、僵硬或结实: By now the cement had set hard.这时水泥已经完全硬化了。4be hard hit/be hit hard to be badly affected by something that has happened受到某件事的严重影响: Sales were hard hit by high interest rates.销售额受到高利率的严重冲击。5be hard put/pressed/pushed to do something informal非正式 to have difficulty doing something做某事有困难: You’d be hard pressed to find anyone better for the job.你很难找到比这更合适这份工作的人了。 → hard-pressed6be/feel hard done by informal非正式 to be or feel unfairly treated被不公平对待或有这种感受: As a child I felt hard done by, living so far away from my friends.小时候，因为住得离朋友那么远，我觉得自己受到了不公平的对待。7take something hard to be very upset about something, especially bad news因某事而非常难过，尤指坏消息: Alan took his mother’s death particularly hard.艾伦对母亲的去世感到格外悲痛。8hard upon/on something British English formal正式 soon after something在某事之后不久: His second major contract followed hard upon the first.他的第二份重要合同紧随第一份之后签订。9laugh/cry hard to laugh, cry etc a lot大笑、大哭等 → hard by, hard up, → (hard/hot/close) on somebody’s heels at heel1, → (hard/hot/close) on the heels of something at heel1, → play hard to get at play1(23)